Individuals who sit in an office chair for a long period naturally tend to slouch over or slouch down into the chair. This posture can overstretch the spinal ligaments, strain the discs and surrounding structures in the spine, and contribute to or worsen back pain. Can the right office chair settings help relieve and prevent future injuries?

Work Office Chair

Sitting in an office chair for prolonged periods can cause lower back pain or worsen an existing back problem. The main reason behind this is that sitting is a static posture that increases stress in the back, shoulders, arms, and legs, putting pressure on the back muscles and spinal discs. Over time, incorrect sitting posture can damage the spinal structures. Most office chair customers base their decisions on availability, color, style, and price. However, it’s recommended that individuals learn about fitting seating equipment to their height, frame, or any condition, such as back or hip pain. The controls on or under the armrests and at the bottom of the chair seat, including the levers, paddles, and knobs, are there for a reason. Here are some recommendations for adjusting their work office chair to decrease back and hip pain.

Height Adjustment

The chair’s height affects the quadriceps, psoas, and hamstring muscles, which are important in posture-related back pain. Height adjustment is the primary way to change the angle of the hip joint while sitting. This angle affects the position of the pelvis and the degree of curve in the lower back, which can alter the spine’s normal alignment. (De Carvalho D. et al., 2017) Adjusting the chair’s height can provide a reference for other chair and workstation adjustments.

Back Angle

The hip angle is how close (increased hip flexion) or how far away (less hip flexion) the trunk is to the top of the thigh when sitting. Adjusting chair height can control the angle of the hip joint. When adjusting the height, adjust the degree of flexion at the hip joint to ensure ideal alignment for the individual body frame. A recent study measured the load that sitting has on simulated spinal discs. Researchers concluded that pressure on the spine can be relieved with a more open angle between the trunk and the thigh, that is, the hip joint angle. (Rohlmann A. et al., 2011) The backrest, seat tilt, and lumbar support features help maintain a pain-free back and relieve pressure and tension in the lower back and should be utilized.

Seat Depth

A kitchen chair, for example, may have no back supports or armrests to assist with posture and angle. (Holzgreve F. et al., 2022) When sitting, the individual’s back should be against the back of the work office chair for the best support and a healthy posture. Individuals will want to check and see how concave the seat surface is. If there is a prominent curve, this will cause the back to be rounded when sitting, which can become uncomfortable and lead to back pain. A chair with built-in support or a pillow can help adjust the depth. This means that chair size matters, as different people will need seats of varying depths to match their musculoskeletal structure.

Seat Height

Another way to understand the hip joint angle is to compare the height of the knees to the height of the hips. This is usually the easiest way to assess whether the chair height is right while adjusting. When the seat is right, the feet will be flat on the floor. The feet should reach the floor without causing pressure on the back of the thighs. Individuals with dangling feet, which may be because of their height, should place a footrest or thick book under them. The knees should be approximately level with or lower than the hips. In this case, the level is a 90-degree angle between the hip and trunk, which is stress-free on the hips and back.

Risks

Chair Too High

For individuals who can’t reach their feet to the floor, the chair is probably too high. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) says this is potentially hazardous because it can lead to scooting forward and forgoing the backrest’s support (United States Department of Labor, N.D.) Sitting like this is considered an awkward posture and a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms caused by awkward sitting posture include muscle fatigue, swelling, pain, numbness, or decreased circulation. (Ng, P. K., Jee, K. S. and Lim, S. Y. 2016)

Chair Too Low

If the knees are higher than the hips, the chair is probably too low, causing extreme flexion in the hip joints. Most individuals’ backs can’t handle this well because their hip muscles are not flexible enough. If sitting with knees higher than hips, the position can cause lower back pain.

Taking Breaks

No matter how comfortable a work office chair is, prolonged static posture is unhealthy for the spine and is a common contributor to back problems and muscle strain. Remember to stand, stretch, and walk for at least a minute or two every half hour to prevent the back from staying in one position for a long period. A quick stretch or minimal movement, like a quick walk, will help. A longer walk will help even more, promoting blood circulation to supply nutrients to all the spinal structures.
Moving and stretching regularly throughout the day will help keep the joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons loose and promote comfort, relaxation, and the ability to focus productively.

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop personalized treatment programs. An integrated approach to treating injuries and chronic pain syndromes improves flexibility, mobility, and agility, relieving pain and helping individuals return to normal activities. If other treatments are needed, Dr. Jimenez has teamed up with top surgeons, clinical specialists, medical researchers, and rehabilitation providers.

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Low Back Pain: Impact and Chiropractic Solutions

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References

De Carvalho, D., Grondin, D., & Callaghan, J. (2017). The impact of office chair features on lumbar lordosis, intervertebral joint and sacral tilt angles: a radiographic assessment. Ergonomics, 60(10), 1393–1404. doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1265670

Rohlmann, A., Zander, T., Graichen, F., Dreischarf, M., & Bergmann, G. (2011). Measured loads on a vertebral body replacement during sitting. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 11(9), 870–875. doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2011.06.017

Holzgreve, F., Maurer-Grubinger, C., Fraeulin, L., Bausch, J., Groneberg, D. A., & Ohlendorf, D. (2022). Home office versus ergonomic workstation – is the ergonomic risk increased when working at the dining table? An inertial motion capture based pilot study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 23(1), 745. doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05704-z

United States Department of Labor. (N.D.). Computer workstations eTool. Retrieved from www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations

Ng, P. K., Jee, K. S. & Lim, S. Y. (2016). Development of Ergonomics Guidelines for Improved Sitting Postures in the Classroom among Malaysian University Students. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(8), 907-912. doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2016.907.912