Functional Neurology: What is the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier?

Our brain is a complex organ protected by our 7mm thick skull, a protective membrane, known as the meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid. These essential brain structures help protect the brain against physical damage or injury. Another brain structure that protects the brain from harm is the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is the shield between the brain’s blood vessels and the cells in the brain’s tissue. While the skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid protect the brain from physical damage or injury, the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from toxins and pathogens in the bloodstream.  

Moreover, the presence of the blood-brain barrier in the human brain was first discovered in the late 1800s by the German scientist Paul Ehrlich when he injected blue dye in the bloodstream of a group of mice during an experiment. The blue dye strained all of the animals’ tissues and organs with the exception of the brain and spinal cord. Although the outcome measures of the research study demonstrated the existence of the blood-brain barrier, it wasn’t until the 1960s that researchers were able to use much more powerful technologies to ultimately prove the presence of the blood-brain barrier in the human brain.  

Anatomy of the Blood-Brain Barrier

The main structure of the blood-brain barrier that helps protect the brain from toxins and pathogens in the bloodstream is known as the endothelial tight junction. The endothelial cells cover the inside of the blood vessels in the brain. The blood-brain barrier is such an effective security system because these endothelial cells in the blood vessels in the brain are connected extremely close to each other in “tight junctions”. The blood-brain barrier only permits small, fat-soluble molecules and several types of gases to pass freely between the blood vessels and the brain. Furthermore, bigger molecules, such as glucose and insulin, are only permitted passage through transporter proteins which act like “bouncers” that only open the doors for certain necessary molecules.  

The purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to protect the brain against toxins and pathogens circulating in the bloodstream that could cause brain health issues while also permitting passage to fundamental nutrients that are necessary for the brain. Other functions of the blood-brain barrier include regulating and managing consistent levels of nutrients, hormones, and water in the human brain. Changes in these may affect the homeostasis of the brain.  

The homeostasis of the brain can commonly be affected by bacterial infections, such as meningococcal disease. Meningococcal bacteria can attach to the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the brain and cause the tight junctions to slightly open. This causes the blood-brain barrier to become more porous which can then permit passage to toxins and pathogens that can infect the brain tissue, leading to inflammation and sometimes even death. It’s also believed that the blood-brain barrier can decrease in a variety of other brain health issues. In multiple sclerosis, by way of instance, decreased blood-brain barrier function may permit white blood cells to pass into the brain and attack the structures that transmit messages from one neuron to another.  

Blood-Brain Barrier Treatment

The blood-brain barrier is so effective at protecting the brain from toxins and pathogens that it can even block necessary treatments from reaching the brain. The vast majority of potential drugs and/or medications that could help treat a variety of brain health issues aren’t able to readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier which may become a tremendous problem in treating neurological diseases. However, one possible way to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is to “trick” the security system into permitting passage to certain medicines. The blood-brain barrier can also be temporarily opened using ultrasound.  

One research study demonstrated that using ultrasound to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier in a mouse with Alzheimer’s disease can improve cognition and decrease toxic plaques in the brain. But most importantly, using ultrasound to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier didn’t damage or injure the brain. In another research study, researchers demonstrated that by temporarily opening the blood-brain barrier, ultrasound can permit the passage of drugs and/or medications into the brain, improving cognition and Alzheimer’s disease more than when using ultrasound or medicines alone.  

After the discoveries of the German scientist Paul Ehrlich during the late 1800s, a collection of experiments on a group of mice demonstrated how the brain regulates what to permit passage to and what to block from entering its blood vessels through the blood-brain barrier. The brain is ultimately protected by the blood-brain barrier, however, this security system can frequently prevent drugs and/or medications from being able to effectively treat brain health issues. Scientists have started working towards developing successful ways to allow treatments to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Other research studies have demonstrated that by using ultrasound, the blood-brain barrier can be temporarily opened to permit passage for medicines to help treat a variety of brain health issues and neurological diseases, among other problems. – Dr. Alex Jimenez D.C., C.C.S.T. Insight

Neurotransmitter Assessment Form

The following Neurotransmitter Assessment Form can be filled out and presented to Dr. Alex Jimenez. The following symptoms listed on this form are not intended to be utilized as a diagnosis of any type of disease, condition, or any other type of health issue.  

Our brain is a complex organ that is protected by our 7mm thick skull, a protective membrane, known as the meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid. These essential brain structures ultimately help protect the brain against physical damage or injury. Another brain structure that protects the brain from harm is the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is the shield between the brain’s blood vessels and the cells in the brain’s tissue. While the skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid protect the brain from physical damage or injury, the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from toxins and pathogens in the bloodstream.  

Moreover, the presence of the blood-brain barrier in the human brain was first discovered in the late 1800s by the German scientist Paul Ehrlich when he injected blue dye in the bloodstream of a group of mice during an experiment. The blue dye strained all of the animals’ tissues and organs with the exception of the brain and spinal cord. Although the outcome measures of the research study demonstrated the existence of the blood-brain barrier, it wasn’t until the 1960s that researchers were able to use much more powerful technologies to ultimately prove the presence of the blood-brain barrier in the human brain.  

The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, and nervous health issues or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We also make copies of supporting research studies available to the board and or the public upon request. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900. 

Curated by Dr. Alex Jimenez  

References:

• Woodruff, Alan. “What Is the Blood-Brain Barrier?” Queensland Brain Institute, 11 Jan. 2018, qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/what-blood-brain-barrier.

Additional Topic Discussion: Chronic Pain

Sudden pain is a natural response of the nervous system which helps to demonstrate possible injury. By way of instance, pain signals travel from an injured region through the nerves and spinal cord to the brain. Pain is generally less severe as the injury heals, however, chronic pain is different than the average type of pain. With chronic pain, the human body will continue sending pain signals to the brain, regardless if the injury has healed. Chronic pain can last for several weeks to even several years. Chronic pain can tremendously affect a patient’s mobility and it can reduce flexibility, strength, and endurance.  

Neural Zoomer Plus for Neurological Disease

Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate neurological diseases. The Neural Zoomer^TM Plus is an array of neurological autoantibodies which offers specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. The Vibrant Neural Zoomer^TM Plus is designed to assess an individual’s reactivity to 48 neurological antigens with connections to a variety of neurologically related diseases. The Vibrant Neural Zoomer^TM Plus aims to reduce neurological conditions by empowering patients and physicians with a vital resource for early risk detection and an enhanced focus on personalized primary prevention.  

Food Sensitivity for the IgG & IgA Immune Response

Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate health issues associated with food sensitivities. The Food Sensitivity Zoomer^TM is an array of 180 commonly consumed food antigens that offers very specific antibody-to-antigen recognition. This panel measures an individual’s IgG and IgA sensitivity to food antigens. Being able to test IgA antibodies provides additional information to foods that may be causing mucosal damage. Additionally, this test is ideal for patients who might be suffering from delayed reactions to certain foods. Utilizing an antibody-based food sensitivity test can help prioritize the necessary foods to eliminate and create a customized diet plan around the patient’s specific needs.  

Gut Zoomer for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Dr. Alex Jimenez utilizes a series of tests to help evaluate gut health associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The Vibrant Gut Zoomer^TM offers a report that includes dietary recommendations and other natural supplementation like prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols. The gut microbiome is mainly found in the large intestine and it has more than 1000 species of bacteria that play a fundamental role in the human body, from shaping the immune system and affecting the metabolism of nutrients to strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier (gut-barrier). It is essential to understand how the number of bacteria that symbiotically live in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract influences gut health because imbalances in the gut microbiome may ultimately lead to gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms, skin conditions, autoimmune disorders, immune system imbalances, and multiple inflammatory disorders.  

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