Gut-Brain Connection After Traumatic Brain Injury Issues

Gut-Brain Connection After Traumatic Brain Injury: How Integrative Chiropractic Care Can Help Restore Balance

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) changes more than just the brain. It can upset the whole body, especially the gut. When someone suffers a TBI from a fall, car crash, or sports hit, the brain sends out signals that mess with the digestive system. This leads to problems like a “leaky gut,” where the intestinal walls allow harmful substances to leak into the bloodstream. It also causes an imbalance in gut bacteria and slows down gut movement. These issues can make everyday digestion challenging, with symptoms such as nausea, constipation, or diarrhea. Worse, they can spread inflammation back to the brain, making recovery harder.

The gut and brain communicate with each other constantly through nerves, hormones, and immune signals. This is called the gut-brain axis. After TBI, that talk becomes garbled. The brain’s stress response intensifies, compromising the gut’s protective barrier. Bacteria that should stay in the gut escape, sparking body-wide inflammation. This cycle can delay healing and lead to long-term issues like poor focus or mood changes.

But there’s hope. Integrative chiropractic care provides a gentle approach to addressing this issue. By adjusting the spine, chiropractors help the nervous system function more effectively. This can calm inflammation, boost the vagus nerve’s role in gut-brain chats, and ease digestive woes. In this article, we’ll break down the gut problems that can occur after a TBI and how chiropractic care steps in to help.

What Happens to the Gut After a Traumatic Brain Injury?

A TBI shakes up the body’s control center—the brain. This quickly affects the gut, which has its own “mini-brain” called the enteric nervous system. Immediately after an injury, the body’s fight-or-flight mode is activated, slowing blood flow to the gut and weakening its walls.

• Leaky Gut Takes Hold: The intestines normally have tight seals to keep harmful bacteria inside. TBI breaks these seals, allowing toxins to escape. This process begins within hours and can last for days or weeks (Hang et al., 2016).
• Gut Bacteria Go Out of Whack: Good bacteria drop, while bad ones grow. This dysbiosis alters how the gut produces beneficial compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, which help combat inflammation (Nicholson et al., 2021).
• Movement Slows Down: The vagus nerve, which connects the brain and the gut, is affected. This causes constipation or bloating as food stalls in the intestines (Ma et al., 2022).

These shifts don’t just cause tummy troubles. They feed into a loop where gut problems worsen brain swelling and fog.

Common Digestive Symptoms Post-TBI

Many people notice gut issues soon after a TBI, but they can linger. Here’s a quick list of what shows up most:

• Nausea and vomiting, often right after the hit (Cognitive FX, 2023).
• Constipation from slow gut motility affects up to 50% of patients (Flint Rehab, 2023).
• Diarrhea occurs when bacterial overgrowth irritates the lining.
• Loss of appetite or bloating, making eating hard and leading to weight loss.
• Acid reflux or heartburn from weakened barriers.

Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a chiropractor with over 30 years of experience in functional medicine, notes in his clinical work that these symptoms often stem from nervous system stress. He sees patients with TBI who report ongoing gut discomfort as a barrier to full recovery (Jimenez, n.d.a).

The Gut-Brain Axis: Why It’s Key After TBI

Think of the gut-brain axis as a two-way street. The brain tells the gut when to digest, and the gut sends mood-boosting signals back via serotonin—90% of which comes from gut bacteria (Flint Rehab, 2023). TBI blocks this road.

Stress hormones from the brain flood the body, tightening gut muscles and raising permeability. Leaky gut allows bacterial fragments (like LPS) to travel to the brain, triggering the activation of immune cells there. This extra inflammation can exacerbate headaches or impede memory recovery (Nicholson et al., 2021).

• Inflammation Spreads Rapidly: Cytokines from the gut amplify brain swelling, creating a vicious cycle (Diaz et al., 2024).
• Nerve Signals Weaken: The enteric nervous system, comprising 100 million neurons, becomes inflamed, disrupting peristalsis—the wave that propels food through the digestive tract (Ma et al., 2022).
• Hormone Imbalance: A decrease in ghrelin (a hunger signal) leads to poor eating, starving the brain of essential repair nutrients.

Studies show this axis disruption hits hard in the first week but can echo for years, raising risks for depression or cognitive slips (Urban et al., 2020, as cited in Wei et al., 2024).

Dr. Jimenez observes in his practice that ignoring the gut-brain connection leaves TBI patients stuck in cycles of fatigue. His integrative approach targets this axis with spinal care and nutrition tweaks (Jimenez, n.d.b).

How Leaky Gut and Dysbiosis Worsen Brain Recovery

Leaky gut isn’t just a buzzword—it’s a real breach. After a TBI, tight junction proteins like ZO-1 break down, allowing undigested food and bacteria to leak (Hang et al., 2016). This triggers immune alarms, flooding the body with TNF-? and IL-6, which cross the blood-brain barrier and fuel secondary injury.

Dysbiosis adds fuel. With fewer beneficial bacteria, the gut makes less butyrate, a fatty acid that calms brain cells. Instead, harmful bugs produce toxins that hike inflammation (Celorrio et al., 2021). In animal studies, fixing dysbiosis with probiotics cut brain damage by 30% (Zhang et al., 2024).

Here’s a simple breakdown of the chain reaction:

This loop explains why TBI survivors often feel “off” long-term. Probiotics have shown promise in trials, reducing infection rates and ICU stays (Zhu et al., 2021).

Enteric Nervous System Impairment: The Gut’s Hidden Brain

The enteric nervous system (ENS) runs the gut like a boss, handling approximately 80% of digestion without the need for brain involvement. However, TBI disrupts this process via vagus nerve damage, resulting in “gut paralysis,” where signals for movement fail (Ma et al., 2022).

• Gliosis Builds Up: ENS cells swell in response to inflammation, slowing peristalsis (Diaz et al., 2024).
• Serotonin Drops: Less gut serotonin means poor mood signals to the brain (Nicholson et al., 2021).
• Immune Overdrive: ENS inflammation leaks cytokines, worsening whole-body stress.

In Dr. Jimenez’s clinic, he identifies ENS issues in TBI cases as a key factor in chronic bloating. His nerve-focused adjustments aim to reset these signals (Jimenez, n.d.a).

Integrative Chiropractic Care: A Path to Healing the Gut-Brain Link

Chiropractic isn’t just for backs—it’s a tool for whole-body reset. After TBI, spine misalignments from whiplash pinch nerves, blocking gut-brain talks. Adjustments free these nerves, boosting vagal tone—the calm signal that aids digestion (Balance Atlanta, n.d.).

How it works:

• Spinal Adjustments Reduce Inflammation: Hands-on adjustments release anti-inflammatory waves, thereby reducing cytokine storms (Auburn Chiropractors, 2023).
• Vagal Tone Boost: Upper neck tweaks strengthen the vagus, improving gut motility and mood (Eugene Chiropractor, n.d.).
• Better Brain-Gut Flow: An Aligned spine means smoother signals, easing nausea and constipation (Northwest Florida Physicians Group, n.d.).

Dr. Jimenez integrates this approach with nutrition, noting in his LinkedIn posts that chiropractic care, combined with gut-friendly diets, speeds TBI recovery by calming the axis (Jimenez, n.d.b). Studies back it: Adjustments lower stress hormones, aiding microbiome balance (Liester & Liester, 2025).

Benefits of Chiropractic for Post-TBI Digestion

Patients report real wins. Here’s what research and clinics show:

• Fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, such as reflux, after 4-6 sessions (Cognitive FX, 2023).
• Improved nutrient uptake, fueling brain repair (Flint Rehab, 2023).
• Less systemic inflammation, per blood tests (Diaz et al., 2024).

In one review, chiropractic care cut secondary issues by enhancing immune pathways (Wei et al., 2024).

Combining Chiropractic with Other Gut-Healing Steps

Chiropractic shines brightest with partners. Probiotics replenish beneficial bacteria, while anti-inflammatory foods, such as berries, help mitigate inflammation (Flint Rehab, 2023). Early tube feeding prevents malnutrition (Nicholson et al., 2021).

• Diet Tips: Add yogurt for probiotics; skip sugar to starve unhealthy bacteria.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Walking stimulates motility; deep breathing boosts the vagus nerve.
• Tech Checks: Stool tests spot dysbiosis early.

Dr. Jimenez emphasizes this combination in his functional medicine plans, blending adjustments with omega-3s to reduce inflammation (Jimenez, n.d.a).

Real-Life Insights from Clinical Practice

In El Paso, Dr. Jimenez treats patients with TBI holistically. One case: A car crash survivor with constant nausea. After spinal adjustments and probiotic guidance, gut symptoms eased in weeks, sharpening focus. He links these improvements to restored vagal flow, a pattern observed in his 30+ years of practice (Jimenez, n.d.b).

Trials echo this. Probiotics combined with chiropractic-like nerve stimulation reduced diarrhea by 40% in TBI wards (Xing et al., 2021).

Long-Term Outlook: Preventing Chronic Gut-Brain Issues

Untreated, post-TBI gut woes raise risks for Parkinson’s or depression via ongoing inflammation (Urban et al., 2020). However, early chiropractic intervention breaks the cycle, promoting neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to rewire itself.

Future research is exploring the links between the spine and gut for mental health (Liester & Liester, 2025). For now, regular adjustments offer a safe, drug-free edge.

• Monitor Progress: Keep a journal to track symptoms.
• Team Up: See chiropractors, dietitians, and docs.
• Stay Consistent: Weekly sessions build lasting balance.

With tools like these, recovery isn’t just possible—it’s empowering.

References

Aadal, L., Kirkevold, M., & Borg, T. (2019). Lower bowel dysfunction in acquired brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 33(10), 1325-1333. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1641224

Auburn Chiropractors. (2023). Traumatic brain injury & the leaky gut connection. https://www.theauburnchiropractors.com/blog/214636-traumatic-brain-injury-amp-the-leaky-gut-connection

Balance Atlanta. (n.d.). Brain injury. https://balanceatlanta.com/chiropractic/other-conditions/brain-injury/

Celorrio, D., Abellanas, N., & Villar, M. (2021). Gut microbial dysbiosis after traumatic brain injury modulates the immune response and impairs neurogenesis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 95, 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.022

Cognitive FX. (2023). Post-concussion stomach problems: Loss of appetite, pain, & more. https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/concussion-loss-of-appetite-and-other-stomach-problems

Diaz, A., Beker, M., & de la Cruz, L. (2024). Probiotics in traumatic brain injury: New insights into mechanisms and future perspectives. Frontiers in Neurology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.11313054

Eugene Chiropractor. (n.d.). Can chiropractic care improve your gut health? https://www.eugenechiropractor.com/blog/posts/can-chiropractic-care-improve-your-gut-health

Flint Rehab. (2023). Brain injury and gut health. https://www.flintrehab.com/brain-injury-and-gut-health/

Hang, C., Shi, J., & Li, C. (2016). The gut reaction to traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(10), 1018-1027. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4075

Jimenez, A. (n.d.a). Injury specialists. https://dralexjimenez.com/

Jimenez, A. (n.d.b). Dr. Alexander Jimenez DC, APRN, FNP-BC. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/in/dralexjimenez/

Liester, M., & Liester, J. (2025). The gut-brain-spine connection. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-leading-edge/202503/the-gut-brain-spine-connection

Ma, L., Cai, L., & Hu, M. (2022). Traumatic brain injury alters the gut-derived serotonergic system and associated peripheral organs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Basis of Disease, 1868(12), 166567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166567

Nicholson, S., Watts, L., & Burmeister, D. (2021). Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury. Journal of Neurochemistry, 157(3), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15266

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